Scheduler
Sometimes the need for making things happen in the future arises, and where do
you go look then? Look no further than ActorSystem! There you find the
scheduler method that returns an instance of
akka.actor.Scheduler, this instance is unique per ActorSystem and is
used internally for scheduling things to happen at specific points in time.
You can schedule sending of messages to actors and execution of tasks
(functions or Runnable). You will get a Cancellable back that you can call
cancel on to cancel the execution of the scheduled operation.
警告
The default implementation of Scheduler used by Akka is based on job
buckets which are emptied according to a fixed schedule. It does not
execute tasks at the exact time, but on every tick, it will run everything
that is (over)due. The accuracy of the default Scheduler can be modified
by the akka.scheduler.tick-duration configuration property.
Some examples
import akka.actor.Actor
import akka.actor.Props
import scala.concurrent.duration._
//Use the system's dispatcher as ExecutionContext
import system.dispatcher
//Schedules to send the "foo"-message to the testActor after 50ms
system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(50 milliseconds, testActor, "foo")
//Schedules a function to be executed (send a message to the testActor) after 50ms
system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(50 milliseconds) {
testActor ! System.currentTimeMillis
}
val Tick = "tick"
class TickActor extends Actor {
def receive = {
case Tick => //Do something
}
}
val tickActor = system.actorOf(Props(classOf[TickActor], this))
//Use system's dispatcher as ExecutionContext
import system.dispatcher
//This will schedule to send the Tick-message
//to the tickActor after 0ms repeating every 50ms
val cancellable =
system.scheduler.schedule(
0 milliseconds,
50 milliseconds,
tickActor,
Tick)
//This cancels further Ticks to be sent
cancellable.cancel()
警告
If you schedule functions or Runnable instances you should be extra careful
to not close over unstable references. In practice this means not using this
inside the closure in the scope of an Actor instance, not accessing sender() directly
and not calling the methods of the Actor instance directly. If you need to
schedule an invocation schedule a message to self instead (containing the
necessary parameters) and then call the method when the message is received.
From akka.actor.ActorSystem
警告
All scheduled task will be executed when the ActorSystem is terminated, i.e.
the task may execute before its timeout.
The Scheduler interface
The actual scheduler implementation is loaded reflectively upon
ActorSystem start-up, which means that it is possible to provide a
different one using the akka.scheduler.implementation configuration
property. The referenced class must implement the following interface:
The Cancellable interface
Scheduling a task will result in a Cancellable (or throw an
IllegalStateException if attempted after the scheduler’s shutdown).
This allows you to cancel something that has been scheduled for execution.
警告
This does not abort the execution of the task, if it had already been
started. Check the return value of cancel to detect whether the
scheduled task was canceled or will (eventually) have run.
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