Cluster Client
An actor system that is not part of the cluster can communicate with actors
somewhere in the cluster via this ClusterClient. The client can of course be part of
another cluster. It only needs to know the location of one (or more) nodes to use as initial
contact points. It will establish a connection to a ClusterReceptionist somewhere in
the cluster. It will monitor the connection to the receptionist and establish a new
connection if the link goes down. When looking for a new receptionist it uses fresh
contact points retrieved from previous establishment, or periodically refreshed contacts,
i.e. not necessarily the initial contact points.
注釈
ClusterClient should not be used when sending messages to actors that run
within the same cluster. Similar functionality as the ClusterClient is
provided in a more efficient way by Distributed Publish Subscribe in Cluster for actors that
belong to the same cluster.
Also, note it's necessary to change akka.actor.provider from local
to remote or cluster when using
the cluster client.
The receptionist is supposed to be started on all nodes, or all nodes with specified role,
in the cluster. The receptionist can be started with the ClusterClientReceptionist extension
or as an ordinary actor.
You can send messages via the ClusterClient to any actor in the cluster that is registered
in the DistributedPubSubMediator used by the ClusterReceptionist.
The ClusterClientReceptionist provides methods for registration of actors that
should be reachable from the client. Messages are wrapped in ClusterClient.Send,
ClusterClient.SendToAll or ClusterClient.Publish.
Both the ClusterClient and the ClusterClientReceptionist emit events that can be subscribed to.
The ClusterClient sends out notifications in relation to having received a list of contact points
from the ClusterClientReceptionist. One use of this list might be for the client to record its
contact points. A client that is restarted could then use this information to supersede any previously
configured contact points.
The ClusterClientReceptionist sends out notifications in relation to having received contact
from a ClusterClient. This notification enables the server containing the receptionist to become aware of
what clients are connected.
1. ClusterClient.Send
The message will be delivered to one recipient with a matching path, if any such exists. If several entries match the path the message will be delivered to one random destination. The sender() of the message can specify that local affinity is preferred, i.e. the message is sent to an actor in the same local actor system as the used receptionist actor, if any such exists, otherwise random to any other matching entry.
2. ClusterClient.SendToAll
The message will be delivered to all recipients with a matching path.
3. ClusterClient.Publish
The message will be delivered to all recipients Actors that have been registered as subscribers to the named topic.
Response messages from the destination actor are tunneled via the receptionist
to avoid inbound connections from other cluster nodes to the client, i.e.
the sender(), as seen by the destination actor, is not the client itself.
The sender() of the response messages, as seen by the client, is deadLetters
since the client should normally send subsequent messages via the ClusterClient.
It is possible to pass the original sender inside the reply messages if
the client is supposed to communicate directly to the actor in the cluster.
While establishing a connection to a receptionist the ClusterClient will buffer
messages and send them when the connection is established. If the buffer is full
the ClusterClient will drop old messages when new messages are sent via the client.
The size of the buffer is configurable and it can be disabled by using a buffer size of 0.
It's worth noting that messages can always be lost because of the distributed nature of these actors. As always, additional logic should be implemented in the destination (acknowledgement) and in the client (retry) actors to ensure at-least-once message delivery.
例
On the cluster nodes first start the receptionist. Note, it is recommended to load the extension
when the actor system is started by defining it in the akka.extensions configuration property:
akka.extensions = ["akka.cluster.client.ClusterClientReceptionist"]
Next, register the actors that should be available for the client.
On the client you create the ClusterClient actor and use it as a gateway for sending
messages to the actors identified by their path (without address information) somewhere
in the cluster.
The initialContacts parameter is a Set[ActorPath], which can be created like this:
You will probably define the address information of the initial contact points in configuration or system property. See also Configuration.
A more comprehensive sample is available in the Lightbend Activator tutorial named Distributed workers with Akka and Scala!.
ClusterClientReceptionist Extension
In the example above the receptionist is started and accessed with the akka.cluster.client.ClusterClientReceptionist extension.
That is convenient and perfectly fine in most cases, but it can be good to know that it is possible to
start the akka.cluster.client.ClusterReceptionist actor as an ordinary actor and you can have several
different receptionists at the same time, serving different types of clients.
Note that the ClusterClientReceptionist uses the DistributedPubSub extension, which is described
in Distributed Publish Subscribe in Cluster.
It is recommended to load the extension when the actor system is started by defining it in the
akka.extensions configuration property:
akka.extensions = ["akka.cluster.client.ClusterClientReceptionist"]
Events
As mentioned earlier, both the ClusterClient and ClusterClientReceptionist emit events that can be subscribed to.
The following code snippet declares an actor that will receive notifications on contact points (addresses to the available
receptionists), as they become available. The code illustrates subscribing to the events and receiving the ClusterClient
initial state.
Similarly we can have an actor that behaves in a similar fashion for learning what cluster clients contact a ClusterClientReceptionist:
Dependencies
To use the Cluster Client you must add the following dependency in your project.
sbt:
"com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-cluster-tools" % "@version@" @crossString@
maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.typesafe.akka</groupId>
<artifactId>akka-cluster-tools_@binVersion@</artifactId>
<version>@version@</version>
</dependency>
Configuration
The ClusterClientReceptionist extension (or ClusterReceptionistSettings) can be configured
with the following properties:
The following configuration properties are read by the ClusterClientSettings
when created with a ActorSystem parameter. It is also possible to amend the ClusterClientSettings
or create it from another config section with the same layout as below. ClusterClientSettings is
a parameter to the ClusterClient.props factory method, i.e. each client can be configured
with different settings if needed.
Failure handling
When the cluster client is started it must be provided with a list of initial contacts which are cluster
nodes where receptionists are running. It will then repeatedly (with an interval configurable
by establishing-get-contacts-interval) try to contact those until it gets in contact with one of them.
While running, the list of contacts are continuously updated with data from the receptionists (again, with an
interval configurable with refresh-contacts-interval), so that if there are more receptionists in the cluster
than the initial contacts provided to the client the client will learn about them.
While the client is running it will detect failures in its connection to the receptionist by heartbeats if more than a configurable amount of heartbeats are missed the client will try to reconnect to its known set of contacts to find a receptionist it can access.
When the cluster cannot be reached at all
It is possible to make the cluster client stop entirely if it cannot find a receptionist it can talk to
within a configurable interval. This is configured with the reconnect-timeout, which defaults to off.
This can be useful when initial contacts are provided from some kind of service registry, cluster node addresses
are entirely dynamic and the entire cluster might shut down or crash, be restarted on new addresses. Since the
client will be stopped in that case a monitoring actor can watch it and upon Terminate a new set of initial
contacts can be fetched and a new cluster client started.
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